The spectra were analysed using the OXSA toolbox [55], which represents an AMARES [56] implementation in MATLAB (Mathworks, Natick, US)
The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway functions as a stress-activated metabolic system that diverts tryptophan from serotonin synthesis toward kynurenic acid production, which acts as a glutamate receptor antagonist and may contribute to anxiety pathophysiology through altered glutamatergic neurotransmission (Butler et al., 2022)
Although prior work indicates that ferroptosis acts as a central hub linking reactive oxygen species to autophagy and apoptosis, this study does not establish its priority within the cascade of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and multimodal cell death, particularly regarding microglial ferroptosis and its contribution to secondary neuronal injury
In addition, serum toxic advanced glycation end-products (TAGE), biomarkers of vascular wall damage, were markedly reduced across all participants