Overall, a 41.6% improvement in the severity of AD and pruritis was observed
A 2025 study independently confirms that ESC can also induce ferroptosis by inhibiting the Nrf2xCT/GPX4 axis in HCC cells, leading to Fe accumulation, higher MDA levels, reduced GPX4, and reversal with ferrostatin-1 (Qu et al
Zhang W, Xu HJ, Kornblau SM, Drach J, Hu SX, Andreeff M , Benedict WF, Deisseroth AB
FOXO4-DRI acts as a competitive inhibitor of this interaction binding directly to the transactivation domain 2 (TAD2) of p53, displacing FOXO4, and allowing phosphorylated p53 to be exported from the nucleus and directed to mitochondria, where it activates BAX, triggers caspase-3 cleavage (via the p53/BCL-2/Caspase-3 signalling pathway), and drives cell-intrinsic apoptosis