Since DMF is metabolized by intestinal esterases to monomethylfumarate (MMF), novel MMF derivative compounds with greater efficacy, bioavailability, and reduced side effects are currently under investigation in preclinical studies, including VCB102 compound for psoriasis, and VCB101 compound for MS
If cloudiness persists, allow additional time (up to 5 minutes total)
Based on these mechanisms, emerging interventional strategies have been proposed to curb intercellular ferroptotic spread, including: blocking exosome-mediated signal transmission, inhibiting STING pathway activation, and enhancing astrocytic phagocytic and clearance functions
(2) The activity of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, GR, APX, and SOD has enhanced