Allison DB, Gadde KM, Garvey WT, et al
Some in vitro studies have indicated that new therapies, such as sodium hyaluronate/bioactive glass composite hydrogels (BG/HA), mesenchymal stem cells and adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, have efficacy to treat OSF but further clinical validation are still required 23,24,25
Other labs might prefer acetate for applications like GHK-Cu foaming topicals, where it may offer better long-term stability in the formula

Individuals who should avoid or exercise extreme caution include: Immunocompromised patients : Those with primary immunodeficiency disorders, HIV/AIDS with low CD4 counts, active chemotherapy recipients, or individuals taking immunosuppressive medications (corticosteroids, biologics, transplant drugs) face increased infection risk Critically ill or hospitalized patients : Severely ill individuals, particularly those in intensive care settings or with compromised gut barrier function, should not receive probiotics outside controlled clinical protocols Patients with central venous catheters : Indwelling lines provide potential routes for bacterial translocation into the bloodstream Premature infants : The FDA issued a safety warning in October 2023 against using probiotics in preterm infants due to risk of invasive infection Patients with severe acute pancreatitis : Clinical guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology recommend against probiotic use in this condition due to potential harm [15] [16] Additional populations requiring medical consultation: Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult healthcare providers before using GLP-1 probiotics, as safety data in these populations remains limited
