It functions as a coenzyme, mediating various reactions in energy production, and regulating processes like DNA repair, gene expression, and cellular responses to stress
Serhan CN, Bck M, Chiurchi V, Hersberger M, Mittendorfer B, Calder PC, et al
In addition, free radicals caused by deep-frying oil, directly stimulate lipid peroxidation on the cell membrane of hepatocytes which can be detected by the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA), thereby causing intracellular enzymes such as plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and aminotransaminase alanine (ALT) to be secreted into the bloodstream 12,13
In contrast, when the concentration of carnitine in the plasma increases and the filtration load of carnitine increases, the kidney rapidly increases the rate of carnitine excretion and reduces its reabsorption efficiency to prevent the excessive accumulation of carnitine in the body