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Inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor, resulting from lesions that destroy the gastric mucosa (which can be caused by ingestion of corrosives, extensive tumors, and conditions associated with gastric atrophy, such as multiple sclerosis, certain endocrine disorders, iron deficiency, and subtotal gastrectomy) Structural lesions leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency, including regional ileitis, ileal reactions, and malignancies Competition for vitamin B 12 by intestinal parasites or bacteria
10.1016/j.gim.2024.101138 221 TungC.VarzidehF.FarroniE.MoneP.KansakarU.JankauskasS
Consensus in favor of a statement was predefined as 70% of the respondents, with agreement categorized as strongly agree, mostly agree, or agree (15)
The symptoms of diet-related deficiency are easily avoided with a healthful diet
