In non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity, with an average BMI of approximately 38, liraglutide administered at a dose of 3.0 mg per day for 56 weeks resulted in an 8% weight loss [10]
This division underscores the complex considerations behind coverage decisions, as stakeholders weigh the clinical realities of obesity against beliefs about personal responsibility and concerns about long-term benefit
Pillar 3: Nutrition (reduce glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity) Nutrition influences insulin resistance through energy balance, glucose exposure (glucotoxicity), lipid exposure (lipotoxicity), and gut hormone signalling
Key points to consider when interpreting the evidence: Most studies are short-term , typically lasting fewer than 12 weeks, making it difficult to assess long-term efficacy or safety Results appear more pronounced in older adults or individuals with obesity, compared to younger, healthy populations L-carnitine alone, without dietary or lifestyle changes , is unlikely to produce clinically meaningful weight loss Neither NICE nor the NHS recommends L-carnitine supplementation as part of any weight management pathway