Habib E, Linher-Melville K, Lin H-X, Singh G
These deleterious signaling cascades converge on mitochondria, where membrane-potential loss, electron-transport dysfunction, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (mPTP) promote cytochrome c release and cell death [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Serine is a small, neutral amino acid and can be imported into the cell by Na + -dependent transporters like ASCT1 ( SLC1A4 ), which is upregulated in both breast cancer (Pollari et al., 2011) and lung cancer (Riscal et al., 2016), system A transporters like SNAT1 ( SLC38A1 ), and the ASC system (El-Hattab, 2016)
Hepatic functions such as increasing mitochondrial turnover, improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress [14,15]