What GHK-Cu adds to the formulation: Gene expression modulation across hundreds of genes including collagen genes (Type I, III), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, anti-inflammatory mediators Collagen synthesis stimulation, specifically Type I and Type III collagen the structural proteins of skin, connective tissue, and many other tissues Anti-inflammatory signaling through investigated effects on TNF-, IL-6, and NF-B pathways Copper-peptide chemistry effects including cofactor activity for skin-relevant enzymes Skin-research and hair-research applications (the GHK-Cu literature in these areas is substantial) For the GHK-Cu deep-dive, see Copper Peptides Explained
And they are safer for use
For instance, the observed mitigation of microgliosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine release could be directly investigated by co-culturing our hCiPSC-NSCs or their conditioned medium with activated microglial cells (e.g., BV-2 cell line or primary microglia stimulated with LPS/ATP)
To determine the role of the VSMC GLP-1R in mediating the BP-lowering effects of semaglutide, we generated mice with conditional inactivation of the Glp1r in VSMCs ( Glp1r VSM/ )