Through a system involving the enzymes carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT-II), L-carnitine binds to fatty acid molecules, transports them into the mitochondrial matrix, and releases them for beta-oxidation, the process that breaks fatty acids down into acetyl-CoA units for energy production in the citric acid cycle
Evidence also indicates acetyl-L-carnitine protects against cataract development subsequent to ionizing radiation exposure by upregulating intrinsic antioxidant defense mechanisms (Kocer 2007)
Diabetes Metab 34(Suppl 2):S65-72 Bass J, Tschp MH, Beutler LR (2023) Dual gut hormone receptor agonists for diabetes and obesity
Sample or standard was added to GCL reaction buffer (400 mM Tris, 40 mM ATP, 20 mM L-glutamic acid, 2.0 mM EDTA, 20 mM sodium borate, 2 mM serine, and 40 mM MgCl 2 )