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doi: 10.1056/NEJM199607043350101 Summary Keywords anabolicandrogenic steroids, endocrine disruption, hypogonadism, hypothalamicpituitarygonadal axis, male infertility, testosterone misuse, young men Citation Kowalik K, Harasny P, Kaliczyska L, Reweda-Kwiatkowski K, Starzyski D, Pawlak M, Waloryszak A, Ptak M, Modrzejewski A and Lisman D (2026) Non-medical use of exogenous testosterone and anabolicandrogenic substances in young men: health, psychological, and fertility consequences
Better deep sleep and restorative rest are commonly reported benefits, as growth hormone release is closely tied to sleep cycles
Based on our results, we anticipate that for medical applications short and moderate DBD treatment is preferred over the extended time, as previously also suggested by Kisch et al
Claims of human clinical efficacy
