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Citicoline and alpha-GPC are both delivery forms of choline , the nutrient cells use to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the phospholipids that build membranes, and citicoline improved memory over twelve weeks in a randomized trial in older adults with age-related memory complaints
Bone 24:195202 Sever M, Klicek R, Radic B, Brcic L, Zoricic I, Drmic D, Ivica M, Barisic I, Ilic S, Berkopic L, Blagaic AB (2009) Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and short bowel syndrome in rats
Areas of investigation include: Endothelial function Microcirculatory signaling Platelet aggregation pathways Vascular homeostasis Nitric oxide production mechanisms These research models provide insight into endothelial biology and vascular signaling networks