Common causes include: Pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disorder hindering Vitamin B12 absorption Gastrointestinal surgeries, like gastrectomy, impact Vitamin B12 uptake Long-term use of certain medications, such as metformin or proton pump inhibitors Diets lacking in Vitamin B12, often seen in vegans and vegetarians For those without a deficiency, Vitamin B12 injections are not typically recommended, as their body can naturally regulate and excrete excess amounts of the vitamin
Adamo, D., Coppola, N., Pecoraro, G., Nicolo, M
A push uses IV access but a smaller volume and shorter administration time
[Crossref] Cohen AD, Bonneh DY, Reuveni H, Vardy DA, Naggan L, et al