Its primary function: Neutralize free radicals, support detoxification pathways (especially in the liver), and protect cells from oxidative damagethe cellular wear and tear that accelerates aging and chronic disease, stated in the PubMed Glutathione biosynthesis study
Although none of the 3 microbes, Escherichia fergusonii , Edwardsiella tarda , and Proteus penneri , produced TMA, all 3 consumed l-carnitine while producing BB, suggesting that the utilization of l-carnitine is associated with the presence of the caiTABCDE genes
Two trials in acutely hospitalized patients have shown that short-term (around 7 days) vitamin C supplementation increased concentrations of ascorbic acid in plasma and leukocytes and led to 34-35% improvements in mood state, as measured by POMS (142, 143)
Result timelines vary by goal