Mol Neurobiol 55(4):30073020 Liu Y, Wang L, Pan D, Li M, Li Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Yan J, Wu Q, Lu L, Yuan K, Yang M (2021) PET evaluation of light-induced modulation of microglial activation and GLP-1R expression in depressive rats
Vagotomy in animal studies is said to disrupt the transfer of -synuclein derived from the gut to the CNS, but human observational evidence is inconsistent, with some studies indicating no change in PD incidence and others suggesting a reduced risk following truncal vagotomy (Elfil et al., 2020)
The medication works on gastrointestinal motility overnight, and some users find that morning bowel function improves with nighttime administration
IGF-1 peptides are not approved for human use, and their safety has not been established in long-term clinical trials