doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1602976 Received 30 March 2025 Revised 13 November 2025 Accepted 14 November 2025 Published 19 December 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Bernd Rosenkranz, Fundisa African Academy of Medicines Development, South Africa Reviewed by Kacper Nijakowski, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland Miriam Njoki Karinja, Science for Africa Foundation, Kenya Updates Copyright 2025 Mazur, Ndokaj, Salerno, Vallone, Ardan, Bietolini, Carrouel, Wilk, Sarig, Ottolenghi and Bourgeois
How to Use: Spray: Apply a small mist directly onto a clean scalp (focusing on areas of concern)
Dehydration or diet: Inadequate hydration can drop blood pressure, causing dizziness
The injection can be given every 6 months if due to a dietary deficiency, or 2-3 months if the cause of your low B12 levels is anaemia based