When you swallow a B12 pill, several steps have to work for it to be absorbed: stomach acid and the enzyme pepsin must release B12 from food or the supplement, the stomach must secrete a protein called intrinsic factor that binds to B12, and the B12-intrinsic factor complex must reach the ileum (the end of the small intestine) where it is finally absorbed
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Cartilage & joint repair Explored in animal osteoarthritis models and studied in investigational (not approved) human trials as an intra-articular injection for knee joints
Reasons for a B12 Shot Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms include depression and mood disorders, fatigue, memory failure, anemia, low blood pressure, and high homocysteine levels